September 2017 - Page 2 of 2 - The Birthplace of Country Music
Listen
Play
Loading station info...

Off The Record: The Jingle, The Rumble, The Roar – The Magic Of America’s Smoky Mountain Boy

By Bailey George, September 15, 2017

Our Radio Bristol DJs are a diverse bunch – and they like a huge variety of musical genres and artists. In our Off the Record series, we ask one of them to tell us all about a song, record, or artist they love.

From the great Atlantic Ocean to the wide Pacific shore, Roy Acuff represents our great musical heritage. To me and millions of others, he was and still is country music. His charm, his charisma, and his ability to handle an audience will never be surpassed. Though others have come and gone and might have had bigger star power or critical acclaim, he still stands as a giant in our music.

My discovery of “The King of The Hillbillies” came at a very difficult time for me in my life. My mother died of cancer when I was 10 years old. Suddenly the world as I knew it changed. I didn’t realize fully what had even happened. All of a sudden, I was motherless and lost in a dark, threatening place. Then, one night while at my new residence with my grandparents, a Hee-Haw rerun aired on television.

Like a prophet from heaven, Roy Acuff came into my living room and with a whistle and Dobro kick-off, I was instantly hooked on this thing called country music. The piece: “Wabash Cannonball.” I was entranced by this man dressed in a modest suit and tie, suspiciously balancing and holding a fiddle, but never actually playing it, twirling a Yo-Yo and boldly pronouncing the names of each of his soloists including one “Bashful Brother Oswald.” As the tune ended, I immediately knew that this music was something I wanted to be in too.

I’ve always been interested in people who are larger than life. From my favorite childhood authors to my fascination with folks like Mark Twain and Walt Disney, I’ve always loved the people who could take me from the small community of Walnut Grove, South Carolina, to the largest adventures across the universe. While I had certainly listened to music before, specifically John Denver, Alan Jackson, The Beach Boys with my mother, and Carolina beach music (known to the rest of the world as 1950s rhythm-and-blues) with my grandmother, I had never really experienced music quite like this. The sound, look, and style of Mr. Acuff completely filled my mind with visions of Americana. I wanted to be Roy Acuff. I wanted to dress like him, sing like him, act like him. He was unlike anything I had ever seen and in all my experience diving into the history of American music, I have still never come across anything quite like him.

When you came to see Roy Acuff and His Smoky Mountain Boys and Girls, you got a show. Not a concert. Not a performance. But a SHOW. He had it all. Heart and home songs, sacred numbers, train songs, comedy from “Bashful Brother Oswald” and Sister Rachel, jug bands, harmonica solos, fiddle tunes, and featured vocalists all in one repertory group of “hillbilly” entertainers. I treasured that. I’ve always been a sucker for entertainment, and Roy Acuff and his team were never short on vaudeville-esque antics and razzle dazzle. In an age of loud arena-filling pop country schlock, this down-home, personal style of performance has grown even more fascinating to me, and it’s a tradition I hope to continue in my own musical pursuits.

We have several Roy Acuff records in the museum’s collections. © Birthplace of Country Music; Gift of Betty Lou Dean and Roger Allen Dean

Admittedly, Acuff’s open-throat mountain style of country music might strike some modern ears as antiquated, rural, and possibly even melodramatic. But it was this passionate, heartfelt, and authentic performance that drew me in as something real and completely different from the more metropolitan sounds I’d been accustomed to in the music of my formative years.

Now, even as my music tastes have widened to include everything from classical arias to punk and rockabilly, Acuff still stands supreme in my mind as the world’s greatest performer. He was always true to himself and his music. He never updated during the heat of the rock-and-roll era. He stuck to what he knew.

And he worked hard! He traveled the world and entertained troops during three of our nation’s wars – World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. He brought the Grand Ole Opry and the city of Nashville to the forefront of the country music industry. He appeared in several Hollywood films, sharing the screen with huge stars such as Tex Ritter. He campaigned for governor of Tennessee. He shook hands with and hosted several presidents and heads of state. He was christened by Baseball Hall of Famer Dizzy Dean as “The King of Country Music” and was the first living inductee to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1962. Yet, even with all those accolades, he was still the curly-haired boy from the Smoky Mountains. He never left behind his upbringing in Maynardville, Tennessee.

This poster from Roy Acuff’s 1948 gubernatorial bid was later signed by him in 1972. © Birthplace of Country Music; Donated at the request of the late William Wampler

Roy Acuff brought country music to the world and inspired me to dig deep into this fascinating and important music. Perhaps, the greatest lesson he taught me though was how to be humble. Always treat your audience with respect. Never be unapproachable. Stick around until every picture is signed and every hand is shook. “They’re the ones that got you here. Give them all you got.” That was the rule that Acuff lived by: a lesson often lost on many modern music performers.

Roy Acuff represented the best of mountain class and southern culture. He symbolized everything that’s great about our nation: work hard at what you believe in, but always be humble.

A jewel here on earth, a jewel now in heaven. Thank You, Mr. Acuff.

Guest blogger Bailey George is a DJ on Radio Bristol. He hosts The Honky Tonk Hit Parade every Wednesday from 3 to 5pm. Bailey plays the best in classic country, honky tonk, rockabilly, and all around good music for his listeners who he calls “The Greatest People in the World.”

Hot Buttered Biscuits, Spicy Sausage Gravy: Southern Cooking at Its Best

I bet many of our readers don’t know this, but the second week of September is designated as National Biscuits and Gravy Week.

Now, in the south, biscuits and gravy are a home-cooked delight worth celebrating. In my family, the tradition of gravy making has been passed down from mother to daughter, and earlier this year on Radio Bristol’s Farm and Fun Time, I talked about my Grandma’s gravy recipe during the “Heirloom Recipe” segment – a storytelling part of the show when a favorite recipe reflecting Appalachian and southern food culture is shared with our radio listeners and live audience. And so we thought we’d dish out that recipe here to mark this special culinary week.

The best breakfast involves biscuits and gravy. Image by mccartyv on Pixabay

But this is not just a recipe for gravy; it is also a story about inadequacy because one of the things that serves as a reminder of my inadequacies is my Grandma’s gravy. Of course, I’m talking about sausage gravy – that magic breakfast potion of the south that, spooned on biscuits, the rest of the world wrinkles their noses at as a soggy mess. But to a lot of people in the south, and definitely to me, it is a favorite food.

I’m not talking about the powdered gravy with big, fake black pepper flakes, but real, made-from-scratch gravy. Sadly, try as I might, however, mine never tastes as good as my Grandma’s. My Grandma is in her 90s, still living with my Grandpa on the farm where they raised their four children. They have been married 71 years. Up until a few years ago, she made gravy every morning except Sundays when she got ready for church and knew a big Sunday dinner was on the horizon later that day. I grew up eating gravy at her house, before catching the school bus, or on stints home from college – basically any time I could get it.

Now, I’ve tried to make Grandma’s gravy with varying degrees of success, and it’s never been outstanding. What could be so hard about such a simple recipe: sausage, flour, milk, salt, pepper. Some people may get fancy and add other things, but this is not necessary. You fry up slices from a tube of Tennessee Pride of Jimmie Dean sausage (I recommend the “hot” variety) and remove them from your skillet. To that hot grease, you add one heaping tablespoon of flour for every cup of milk. Stir that to cook it until it’s very brown – roux they call that in some places. Then you add your milk. Some folks like to use cream, but my Grandma uses what she has on hand.

It doesn’t have to be fancy to be the best thing you ever had. “It’s that simple,” she says. My question: How can something that simple be so difficult? The tricks are in the details. Salt and pepper? “Yes,” she says. “Plenty.” And she likes to add it to the flour and stir that up really good. And the sausage really matters. You have to brown it well, almost burn it, so that you have a lot of flavor in the grease.

I shared this recipe with our Farm and Fun Time listeners, and now our blog readers, but good luck getting close! I follow the steps my Grandma laid out, and my gravy turns out…serviceable. There’s an unspoken science to gravy that southerners do not discuss. Like lumps, and how to get those lumps out of your gravy. I admit that sometimes I privately run my gravy through a sieve to get out the lumps. I’m not sure if my Grandma has ever had to do that; I’ve never asked, because I’m too polite. Maybe I just need more practice. I can’t imagine making gravy for my husband every day for nearly 70 years. Even if I started right now, I could never catch up to her.

There’s a lot to live up to when you come from a bunch of strong women, and Grandma’s gravy could be a metaphor for anything, although there really isn’t anything better than that. My own kids like my gravy just fine, but they really prefer my mom’s, their Mamaw’s gravy. Sometimes I tell them “Mamaw cooked the sausage and I just added the milk.” Sometimes that’s true. If I’m lucky, someday I’ll be making my own version worthy to be called Grandma’s Gravy for little people who think it’s the best thing in the world.

And if you need inspiration as you get ready to try this recipe, have a listen to the original gravy jingle that was performed by house band Bill and the Belles after my “Heirloom Recipe” segment at the Farm and Fun Time show:

That covers the gravy, but what about the biscuits? They, of course, are equally important to make this dish just right. Twenty years ago as a graduate student at Indiana, I was homesick for my family and good southern cooking (Indiana has a great food culture, but I missed the foods of my Appalachian home). I tried making biscuits several times, and they turned out flat, stale, just not good. And so, once again, I turned to the expert: my Grandma.

She listened patiently to my problem and gave her assessment confidently: “Are you using While Lily Flour?” I said no, because my grocer in southern Indiana didn’t carry that brand. “You need White Lily flour,” she said. A couple of weeks later a package arrived: a five-pound bag of White Lily Self-Rising Flour. I was skeptical, but I tried it with the same biscuit recipe. And she was right. White Lily Flour made good biscuits.

An advertisement for canned southern biscuits in a 1948 Ladies Home Journal — definitely not the same thing as made-from-scratch biscuits. Image from Wikimedia Commons

Since then I’ve learned that the type of flour really matters in a dish, and flours grown in different regions are different in their chemical makeup and in their milling. Having later lived in China and made dumplings there with Chinese flours, and then coming back to the U.S. where I struggle to replicate that consistency here, I have seen how flours make a difference.

Here’s the recipe from the White Lily Flour Company using their self-rising flour. It’s a simple recipe that is nearly identical to how my Grandma makes it – though it is worth noting that my Grandma doesn’t use a recipe for her biscuits, because once you’ve made thousands of biscuits you get a feel for the proportions of the ingredients. You can also use all-purpose flour and add your own leavening.

If your mouth is now watering, I urge you to celebrate National Biscuits and Gravy week with a plate of your very own. Feel free to take my Grandma’s recipes and make them your own family tradition!

Jessica Turner is the Director of the Birthplace of Country Music Museum.

Jimmie Rodgers: Reflections on the Musical Genius of The Singing Brakeman

Today marks what would have been the 120th birthday of America’s Blue Yodeler, the Father of Country Music – Jimmie Rodgers.

Take a second out of your busy day today and listen to just one song from Jimmie Rodgers. Any song. I promise you’ll be happy you did. That’s what I’m doing right now, listening to “I’m Free from the Chain Gang Now,” a sentimental heartbreaker of a tune, a song so powerfully delivered that in the past it has moved me to tears.

We have several Jimmie Rodgers records in the museum’s collection. As can be seen here, his songs were recorded and distributed on a variety of labels. © Birthplace of Country Music; Records are the gift of Betty Lou Dean and Roger Allen Dean, and Jim and Joyce Prohaska

It’s hard to not become immersed in the scenes Jimmie paints through his ease of delivery and phrasing, his smooth yet edgy and warbled vocals, the sincerity of a person who truly believes in what he’s singing. But what amazes me more than anything about Jimmie’s music is how relevant and fresh it still seems today. I guess many would call his music timeless, which it certainly is – but more than that, his music has a depth that has seldom been captured on record. Jimmie’s music hits you right in the gut. It has the ability to make you laugh out loud and then make you cry; it makes you yearn for the past and look forward to the future. His music is music for the heart and soul. It’s alive. Every time I put a needle to one of his records or when the sound of his signature blue yodel cuts through my car radio speakers, I can’t help but think Jimmie is giving me a wink and a nod.

As you may already know, Jimmie Rodgers is one of the most celebrated country musicians of all, and deservedly so. Possibly no other country artist has been so heavily imitated or influential. He was much more than a hillbilly artist that could yodel (though his yodel was top of the line). Jimmie was an innovator, and a walking musical juxtaposition in the most beautiful of ways. When I think of Jimmie I think of the complex and often conflicting images he portrayed through his music – the rambler, the sentimental crooner, the caring son, and the rounder, just to name a few. Many speculate that had he lived longer, and as his appeal and development as a musician continually grew, he would have been one of the most celebrated American musicians without the constraints of genre.

Publicity shots of Jimmie Rodgers, including one where he is in “cowboy” persona. From the John Edwards Memorial Foundation Records, #20001, Southern Folklife Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Many of us in Bristol and central Appalachia are familiar with Jimmie’s story and his music. One of the reasons our organization, including the radio station, museum, and festival, exists is in large part due to the impact Jimmie had on the world. Of course, he had his first big break here in Bristol recording two sides: “Sleep Baby Sleep” and “The Soldier’s Sweetheart.” That record, just an average seller, was recorded on August 4, 1927, part of what would eventually become known as the celebrated Bristol Sessions.

Let’s be honest: those two sides didn’t exactly turn the world upside down upon their release. But the music that would soon follow sure did. Lucky for us Victor Talking Machine Company executive Ralph Peer had insight and vision, and he followed a hunch that Jimmie had a lot more to offer, inviting him for a follow-up session just a few months later at the Victor studio in Camden, New Jersey. Jimmie would hit his stride at the next session, which would yield a massive seller – “Away Out on the Mountain” and “Blue Yodel No. 1 (T for Texas)” – and from this point, he didn’t slow down. He even appeared in a movie short called The Singing Brakeman, released in 1929 for Columbia Pictures; this short is the only known video footage of Jimmie singing and features three of his well-known tunes: “Waiting for a Train,” “Daddy and Home,” and “Blue Yodel No 1.” His distinctive sound continued to develop up to his final recording session just a few days before his death from tuberculosis on May 26, 1933 at the age of 35.

But instead of giving you a recycled history lesson of the greatness that is Jimmie Rodgers, I thought it would be much more interesting and fitting to mark this day by talking to musicians who love his music like I do. And so in celebration of Jimmie on his 120th birthday, I asked some of today’s greatest country and roots musicians to reflect on his music, to talk a little about how Jimmie Rodgers influenced them and how he might be found in the music they create today. A huge thanks to all those musicians for taking the time to share their thoughts on the genius of Jimmie Rodgers:

Tim O’Brien 

“Jimmie Rodgers just had the juice. He guided Ralph Peer to a real sweet spot in southern music. He played the part of the rake and ramblin’ boy and may not have needed to act that much to do so. Listen to most of the other Bristol Sessions singers and you’ll hear that swagger break through the pops and crackles. Jimmie Rodgers knew he was cool, and every recording gave him a way to show everyone.”

John Lilly 

“I was initially struck by Jimmie Rodgers’s yodeling, which I still find to be amazing. As I explore his recordings, however, I am captivated with the immense variety of accompanists he recorded with and the range of musical emotions he was able to express. He sounded great whatever the setting, from a full orchestra to just his own voice and guitar.”

Jerron “Blind Boy” Paxton 

“The music of Jimmie Rodgers has gone across culture since it was introduced to the world. There are musicians all the way in India that have copied Jimmie Rodgers’s sound note-for-note. While record companies marketed him towards white and hillbilly audiences, his records often found their way into black homes. The irony that a person who was rumored to have gotten the ‘blues’ in his blue yodel from listening to Tommy Johnson as he entertained white patrons at hotel parties in Mississippi and have it repackaged and purchased by people in the black community is of a particular queerness that can only exist in America. With the conversation being had at the present time about white people playing blues and other forms of black music, I wonder if we would be having this conversation if they sounded as good as Jimmie. His respect and take on music from outside of his culture should be an inspiration.”

This Oscar Schmidt guitar, on display in the museum’s permanent exhibit, was owned, played, and signed (in the upper left corner, faintly legible now and not easily seen in this photograph) by Jimmie Rodgers. © Birthplace of Country Music; on loan from the collection of Joseph R. Gregory

Alice Gerrard 

“It seems as though Jimmie and his songs have been part of my musical life as long as I can remember. That bluesy voice, that yodel, and those songs…. I never much liked the Swiss type of yodeling but Jimmie’s made sense to me and was so much more accessible. Plus it had so much feeling in it.”

Roy Book Binder 

“First heard Jimmie Rodgers back in the ‘60s… I was really getting into old-time country blues…and was a fan of Emmett Miller. Jimmie Rodgers was a white guy who played and sang some blues, he was a yodeler, a singer of sentimental ballads…you name it, and he could make it his own! I admired that, he was hard to categorize! I do believe in some ways Jimmie Rodgers had an impact on my approach to building a pretty eclectic repertoire.”

David Peterson 

“Jimmie Rodgers made his way into my music most directly through Bill Monroe and his interpretation of those songs. Of course, a serious study of Rodgers himself has followed over the years. Anyone studying modern 20th-century western music will realize just what an influence Rodgers was on almost every form of popular music, including rock n roll.”

Marty Stuart 

“I think Jimmie Rodgers exists. Perhaps he’s a reclusive ghost who lives somewhere beyond the edge of the universe. Of course, proof that the Father of Country Music walked among us can be found in his Victor recordings made in the early days of the 20th century. His guitar hangs in a vault in Meridian, Mississippi. I once sat in a chair he made. I’ve held his striped railroader’s hat. I have one of his brakeman’s lanterns, and the briefcase that contained his songs and was laid inside his casket on the funeral train from New York City back to Mississippi. As his marker in Meridian reads: ‘His is the music of America.’  Although the average American doesn’t know his name, Jimmie Rodgers is an integral part of our atmosphere. He is synonymous with country music.”

Kris holding a Jimmie Rodgers picture disc, the first disc of this type known in country music. This disc appeared at the end of Jimmie’s career – only a few hundred copies were made, and it was released after his death – and bears his recordings of two songs: “Cowhand’s Last Ride” and “Blue Yodel No. 12.” © Birthplace of Country Music

And so this brings us full circle – if you’re taking the time to read this, I urge you to spend just a few more minutes today and seek out Jimmie’s music. Listening to a Jimmie Rodgers record is much more powerful than anything I can possibly write. Seriously. Put on a song of his you’ve never heard. He has a surprisingly vast catalog for having a recording career of only five and a half years. Listen to “Gambling Polka Dot Blues” or “Prairie Lullaby” or “Blue Yodel No. 9” or “I’m Sorry We Met” or “Never No Mo” or…really any of his songs.

Take it from someone who has listened to his catalogue back and forth on repeat for years – there’s always something new to discover. And if you listen close enough, you’ll soon find the Singing Brakeman can still be heard in the voices and sounds of musicians across the country, and for that matter across the world.

Happy Birthday, Jimmie.

Kris Truelsen is the Producer at Radio Bristol. Tune in to the station today to hear Jimmie Rodgers on the hour all day long.

Ernest Stoneman’s First Hit: “The Titanic”

The unsinkable RMS Titanic sank in the cold Atlantic waters on April 15, 1912, claiming over 1,500 lives of its passengers and crew, and capturing the attention and imagination of the world from that moment forward. After years of searching, the wreckage of the Titanic was discovered on September 1, 1985; researchers continue to study the wreckage and ephemera that connects to the ship and its passengers, and the story of the Titanic still resonates today.

1912 engraving by Willy Stöwer: Der Untergang der Titanic. Public domain image from Wikimedia Commons

To mark the date of that discovery, we wanted to explore the retelling of the Titanic’s story in song – as with many disasters of the day, the wreck of the Titanic gave rise a few years later to a song detailing this contemporary history, one that was part of people’s lives and memories. In early September 1924, Appalachian musician Ernest “Pop” Stoneman traveled to New York to make his first recordings with OKeh Records, part of a few days of recording that also included Fiddlin’ John Carson and several other musicians as OKeh continued to build their catalog of popular American music. Stoneman chose two songs for this session, one of which was “The Titanic.”

That first recording in 1924 was not released – Stoneman and the OKeh executives thought that it was too fast, so he agreed to travel back to New York to do another recording of the song. On January 8, 1925, he recorded it again, and it was released later that year. This version of “The Titanic” (OK 40288) was a success, which led to further trips to New York to cut new records. He then recorded the song again in 1926, this time under the title “The Sinking of the Titanic” for the Edison label (Ed 51823, 5200).

Stoneman’s lyrics to “The Titanic” tell the story well, including a bit of social commentary about the difference between rich and poor on the voyage:

It was on Monday morning just about one o’clock,
That the great Titanic begin to reel and rock.
Then the people began to cry, saying, “Lord I’m a-going to die.”
It was sad when that great ship went down.

Chorus:
It was sad when that great ship went down,
Husbands and wives, little children lost their lives.
It was sad when that great ship went down.

When they were building the Titanic, they said what they could do.
They were going to build a ship that no water could not go through,
But God with his mighty hand showed to the world it could not stand.
It was sad when that great ship went down.

Chorus

When they left England, they were making for the shore.
The rich they declared they would not ride with the poor.
So they sent the poor below, they were the first that had to go.
It was sad when that great ship went down.

Chorus

When the people on the ship were a long ways from home,
With friends all around them, didn’t know their time had come,
For death came riding by, sixteen hundred had to die.
It was sad when that great ship went down.

Chorus

Stoneman wasn’t the only artist to record a song detailing the Titanic’s sad fate. Tony Russell’s Country Music Records: A Discography, 1921—1942 details the various recordings of the song:

“The Titanic,” Ernest Stoneman September 4, 1924 (unissued) and January 8, 1925

“The Sinking of the Titanic,” Vernon Dalhart, June 4, 1925

“The Sinking of the Titanic,” George Reneau, October 14, 1925

“The Sinking of the Titanic,” Ernest Stoneman, June 22, 1926

“The Sinking of the Titanic,” Richard “Rabbit” Brown, March 11, 1927

“Sinking of the Great Titanic,” Vernon Dalhart, May 23, 1928

Long after these early hits of hillbilly and blues records, the Titanic lives on in imaginations. Celine Dion’s “Love Theme from Titanic” (also called “My Heart Will Go On”) won a Grammy in 1999 for Record of the Year; the song was the theme song from James Cameron’s 1997 blockbuster film Titanic, which won 11 Oscars. And visitors pour into the many exhibits that chronicle the Titanic‘s history and display its once-seabound artifacts, including the Titanic museum attraction just down the road in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee.

And in 2013, Ernest Stoneman’s “The Titanic” was recognized with its own Grammy award when it was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and recognized for its historical significance in recording history.

Jessica Turner is the Director of the Birthplace of Country Music Museum.